Perceptions of Countries
ir_afg104a | Favourability of Afghanistan
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Afghanistan? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Afghanistan?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_are103a | Preference for Economic Relations with United Arab Emirates
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and United Arab Emirates: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_bra104c | Opinion of Brazil
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Brazil? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_can104c | Opinion of Canada
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Canada? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_can105b | Opinion of Canada
What is your general opinion of the Canada? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_chn103a | Preference for Economic Relations with China
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and China: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_chn104a | Favourability of China
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of China? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of China?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_chn104c | Opinion of China
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of China? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_chn105b | Opinion of China
What is your general opinion of China? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_cub104c | Opinion of Cuba
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Cuba? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_cub104a | Favourability of Cuba
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Cuba? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Cuba?) 1 = very favourable, 2 = somewhat favourable, 3 = somewhat unfavourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_deu104a | Favourability of Germany
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Germany? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Germany?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_deu105b | Opinion of Germany
What is your general opinion of Germany? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_dza103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Algeria
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Algeria: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_egy103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Egypt
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Egypt: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_esp104c | Opinion of Spain
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Spain? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_fra103a | Preference for Economic Relations with France
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and France: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_fra104a | Favourability of France
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of France? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of France?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_fra105b | Opinion of France
What is your general opinion of the France? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_gbr103a | Preference for Economic Relations with United Kingdom
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and United Kingdom: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_gbr104a | Favourability of Great Britain
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Great Britain? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Great Britain?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_gbr105b | Opinion of United Kingdom
What is your general opinion of the United Kingdom? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_ind104a | Favourability of India
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of India? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of India?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_ind104c | Opinion of India
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of India? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_irn103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Iran
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Iran: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_irn104a | Favourability of Iran
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Iran? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Iran?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_irn104c | Opinion of Iran
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Iran? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_irq103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Iraq
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Iraq: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_isr103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Israel
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Israel: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_isr104c | Opinion of Israel
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Israel? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_ita103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Italy
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Italy: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_ita105b | Opinion of Italy
What is your general opinion of Italy? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_jpn104a | Favourability of Japan
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Japan? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Japan?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_jpn104c | Opinion of Japan
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Japan? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_jpn105b | Opinion of Japan
What is your general opinion of Japan? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_jpn105c | Opinion of Japan
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Japan? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = about average, 4 = good, 5 = very good
ir_kaz104a | Favourability of Kazakhstan
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Kazakhstan? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Kazakhstan?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_kgz104a | Favourability of Kyrgyzstan
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Kyrgyzstan? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Kyrgyzstan?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_kor104a | Favourability of South Korea
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of South Korea? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of South Korea?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_mex104c | Opinion of Mexico
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Mexico?
1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_pak104a | Favourability of Pakistan
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Pakistan? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Pakistan?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_prk104a | Favourability of North Korea
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of North Korea? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of North Korea?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_qat103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Qatar
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Qatar: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_rus103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Russia
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Russia: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_rus104a | Favourability of Russia
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Russia? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Russia?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_rus104c | Opinion of Russia
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Russia? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_rus105b | Opinion of Russia
What is your general opinion of the Russia? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_sau103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Saudi Arabia
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Saudi Arabia: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_sau104a | Favourability of Saudi Arabia
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Saudi Arabia? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Saudi Arabia?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_syr104a | Favourability of Syria
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Syria? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Syria?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_tjk104a | Favourability of Tajikistan
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Tajikistan? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Tajikistan?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_tkm104a | Favourability of Turkmenistan
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Turkmenistan? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Turkmenistan?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_tun103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Tunisia
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Tunisia: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_tur103a | Preference for Economic Relations with Turkey
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and Turkey: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_tur104a | Favourability of Turkey
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of China? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of China?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_ukr104a | Favourability of Ukraine
Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Ukraine? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Ukraine?) 1 = very favourable, 2 = somewhat favourable, 3 = somewhat unfavourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_usa103a | Preference for Economic Relations with United States
Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and United States: 1 = become weaker than they were in the previous years, 2 = remain the same as they were in previous years, 3 = become stronger than they were in previous years
ir_usa104a | Favourability of United States
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of the United States? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of the United States?) 1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_usa104c | Opinion of United States
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of the United States? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
ir_usa105b | Opinion of United States
What is your general opinion of the United States? (Alternative: What is your overall opinion of the following countries? Very positive, fairly positive, neutral, fairly negative, very negative?) 1 = very negative, 2 = fairly negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = fairly positive, 5 = very positive
ir_usa105c | Opinion of United States
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of the United States? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = about average, 4 = good, 5 = very good
ir_uzb104a | Favourability of Uzbekistan
Please tell me if you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable or very unfavourable opinion of Uzbekistan? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Uzbekistan?)
1 = very unfavourable, 2 = somewhat unfavourable, 3 = somewhat favourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_ven104a | Favourability of Venezuela
Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Venezuela? (Alternative: Overall, do you have a very favourable, somewhat favourable, somewhat unfavourable, or very unfavourable opinion of Venezuela?) 1 = very favourable, 2 = somewhat favourable, 3 = somewhat unfavourable, 4 = very favourable
ir_ven104c | Opinion of Venezuela
Do you have a very good, good, about average, bad or very bad opinion of Venezuela? 1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = good, 4 = very good
Influence of Countries
ir_bwa305a | Influence of Botswana
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Botswana. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_chn305a | Influence of China
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? China. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_deu305a | Influence of Germany
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Germany. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_dza305a | Influence of Algeria
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Algeria. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_egy305a | Influence of Egypt
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Egypt. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_eth305a | Influence of Ethiopia
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Ethiopia. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_fra305a | Influence of France
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? France. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_gbr305a | Influence of United Kingdom
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? United Kingdom. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_gha305a | Influence of Ghana
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Ghana. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_ind305a | Influence of India
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? India. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_jpn305a | Influence of Japan
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Japan. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_ken305a | Influence of Kenya
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Kenya. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_nga305a | Influence of Nigeria
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Nigeria. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_prt305a | Influence of Portugal
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Portugal. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_rus305a | Influence of Russia
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Russia. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_twn305a | Influence of Taiwan
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Taiwan. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_usa305a | Influence of United States
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? United States. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
ir_zaf305a | Influence of South Africa
Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on [Country] is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? South Africa. 1 = very negative, 2 = somewhat negative, 3 = neither positive nor negative, 4 = somewhat positive, 5 = very positive
